Solid State

What is the fundamental difference in order between crystalline and amorphous solids?

Why are amorphous solids sometimes called "supercooled liquids"?

Define Anisotropy in crystalline solids.

Are amorphous solids isotropic or anisotropic?

What are the constituent particles of Molecular Solids?

Which forces hold the particles together in Non-polar Molecular Solids (e.g., $Ar$ , $CCl_4$ )?

Give an example of a Hydrogen Bonded Molecular Solid.

Why do Ionic Solids conduct electricity in molten state but not in solid state?

What are Metallic Solids composed of?

Why is Graphite a conductor of electricity despite being a covalent solid?

Why is Graphite soft while Diamond is very hard?

What are the parameters that characterize a unit cell?

How many Bravais Lattices are there in total?

What are the unit cell parameters for a Cubic crystal system?

Which crystal system is the most unsymmetrical ( $a \neq b \neq c$ and angles$\neq 90^{\circ}$)?

What are the parameters for a Hexagonal unit cell?

Give an example of a substance crystallizing in a Tetragonal system.

What is the number of atoms ( $z$ ) in a Primitive (Simple) Cubic unit cell?

What is the number of atoms ( $z$ ) in a Body-Centred Cubic (bcc) unit cell?

What is the number of atoms ( $z$ ) in a Face-Centred Cubic (fcc) unit cell?

What is the coordination number in One-Dimensional close packing?

What is the coordination number in Two-Dimensional Hexagonal close packing?

What is the pattern of layers in Hexagonal Close Packing (hcp)?

What is the pattern of layers in Cubic Close Packing (ccp/fcc)?

What is the coordination number in hcp and ccp structures?

What is the relationship between atomic radius ( $r$ ) and edge length ( $a$ ) in Simple Cubic?

What is the relationship between atomic radius ( $r$ ) and edge length ( $a$ ) in bcc?

What is the relationship between atomic radius ( $r$ ) and edge length ( $a$ ) in fcc?

What is the Packing Efficiency of a Simple Cubic lattice?

What is the Packing Efficiency of a bcc lattice?

What is the Packing Efficiency of hcp and ccp/fcc lattices?

If there are $N$ close packed spheres, how many Octahedral voids are generated?

If there are $N$ close packed spheres, how many Tetrahedral voids are generated?

Where are the Octahedral voids located in an fcc unit cell?

What is the limiting radius ratio for a tetrahedral void?

Write the formula to calculate the density ( $d$ ) of a unit cell.

What are Stoichiometric Defects?

What is a Schottky Defect?

How does Schottky Defect affect the density of the solid?

Give examples of ionic solids showing Schottky Defect.

What is a Frenkel Defect?

How does Frenkel Defect affect the density of the solid?

Which compound shows both Frenkel and Schottky defects?

What are F-centres?

Why does ZnO turn yellow on heating?

What type of defect is found in FeO (wustite)?

What is the conductivity range for Semiconductors?

Explain the band gap in Insulators.

What is an n-type semiconductor?

What is a p-type semiconductor?

What creates the charge carriers in p-type semiconductors?

Define Paramagnetism.

Define Diamagnetism.

Define Ferromagnetism.

Give examples of Ferromagnetic substances.

Define Antiferromagnetism.

Give an example of an Antiferromagnetic substance.

Define Ferrimagnetism.

Give examples of Ferrimagnetic substances.

What happens to Ferrimagnetic substances on heating?