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Quick recap for Anion & Cation Analysis
Reagent: Dilute Sulphuric Acid
A colourless, odourless gas is evolved with brisk effervescence, which turns lime water milky.
Colourless gas with the smell of rotten eggs is evolved which turns lead acetate paper black.
Colourless gas with a pungent smell, like burning sulphur which turns acidified potassium dichromate solution green.
Brown fumes which turn acidified potassium iodide solution containing starch solution blue.
Colourless vapours with smell of vinegar. Vapours turn blue litmus red.
Reagent: Conc. Sulphuric Acid
A colourless gas with pungent smell, which gives dense white fumes when a rod dipped in ammonium hydroxide is brought near the mouth of the test tube.
Reddish brown gas with a pungent odour is evolved. Intensity of reddish gas increases on heating the reaction mixture after addition of solid MnO₂ to the reaction mixture. Solution also acquires red colour.
Violet vapours, which turn starch paper blue and a layer of violet sublimate is formed on the sides of the tube. Fumes become dense on adding MnO₂ to the reaction mixture.
Brown fumes evolve which become dense upon heating the reaction mixture after addition of copper turnings and the solution acquires blue colour.
Colourless, odourless gas is evolved which turns lime water milky and the gas coming out of lime water burns with a blue flame, if ignited.
No specific group reagent
Tested directly using specific confirmatory tests (BaCl₂ for Sulphate, Ammonium Molybdate for Phosphate).
Tested directly using specific confirmatory tests (BaCl₂ for Sulphate, Ammonium Molybdate for Phosphate).