Introduction, Classification of electrolytes, Degree of dissociation and factors affecting it, Ostwald dilution law, Common - ion effect
Acid - base theories, Conjugate acid base pairs, Leveling effect, Acid -Base Equilibrium and Ionization Constants, Ionic Product of Water, Acidity and ph scale.
PH calculations of: Strong Acid Solutions, strong base solutions, mixture of strong acids & bases, weak monoprotic acid, weak monoprotic acid and strong acid, two weak monoprotic acids, polyprotic acids
Problem practice, Factors affecting acid strength, understanding salt hydrolysis, hydrolysis of salt of strond acid + strong base
Hydrolysis of: Salt of Strong acid + Weak Base, Salt of weak acid + strong base, Salt of weak acid + weak base
Understanding Buffer Solution and Buffer Action, 3 ways to prepare Buffer Solution, Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, Buffer capacity
Problem practice on Buffer Solutions, Acid-Base Titrations, End point, Equivalence point, Graphs of acid - base titrations
Problem practice on titration, Indicators, Solubility Product, Simple solubility
Common ion effect on solubility, Condition for precipitation,