Consider the change in oxidation state of bromine corresponding to different emf values as shown in the diagram below:
Then the species undergoing disproportionation is

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🧠 The Frost/Latimer Insight
Disproportionation is a chemical "self-betrayal" where one species simultaneously goes up and down in oxidation state. Thermodynamically, this happens if the cell potential () for the overall reaction is positive.

🗺️ The Potentiometric Check
Let's analyze  (+1 state):
1. The Paths:
   - Path 1 (Reduction):  ()
   - Path 2 (Oxidation):  ( as written in the diagram, so )
2. The Disproportionation: 
3. Cell Potential: .
4. Conclusion: Since , the reaction is spontaneo

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