4.0 L of ideal gas expands isothermally into vacuum to total volume 20 L. Heat absorbed in L·atm is .

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Strategy:
 Free expansion occurs when a gas expands into a vacuum (). Analyze work and the internal energy change of an ideal gas at constant temperature.

Step 1: Calculate Work ()
.

Step 2: Determine Internal Energy change ()
For an ideal gas,  depends only on . Since the process is isothermal, .

Step 3: Solve for Heat ()
From First Law: 
.

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