The correct statement about the lanthanoid contraction is:

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Lanthanoid Contraction — Cause:

As we move from La to Lu, electrons are added to the 4f subshell. The 4f electrons have a poor shielding effect because:
- 4f orbitals have complex, diffuse shapes
- They do not effectively shield the outer electrons from the increasing nuclear charge

Result: Effective nuclear charge on outer electrons increases → atomic and ionic radii decrease steadily across the series.

Consequence: Due to lanthanoid contraction, the 4d and 5d transition metals in the same g

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