The element that usually does NOT show variable oxidation states is:

Question

Canvas Classes · Accepted Answer

Variable oxidation states arise from availability of both 3d and 4s electrons.

| Element | Z | Config | Oxidation States |
|---------|---|--------|------------------|
| Cu | 29 | [Ar]  | +1, +2 (variable) |
| Ti | 22 | [Ar]  | +2, +3, +4 (variable) |
| Sc | 21 | [Ar]  | +3 only |
| V | 23 | [Ar]  | +2, +3, +4, +5 (variable) |

Sc loses all 3 electrons to achieve the stable  configuration. It cannot show any other positive oxidation state — hence no variable oxidation states.

Answer: Option (3)

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