Given below are two statements — Assertion A and Reason R:

Assertion A: Zero orbital overlap is an out-of-phase overlap.

Reason R: It results due to different orientation/direction of approach of or

Question

Given below are two statements — Assertion A and Reason R:

Assertion A: Zero orbital overlap is an out-of-phase overlap.

Reason R: It results due to different orientation/direction of approach of orbitals.

Choose the correct answer:

Canvas Classes · Accepted Answer

Step 1 — Evaluate Assertion A:
Zero orbital overlap occurs when the positive and negative lobes of orbitals overlap equally, resulting in cancellation → net overlap = 0. This is NOT the same as out-of-phase overlap.
- Out-of-phase overlap gives antibonding interaction (negative overlap integral)
- Zero overlap gives no interaction (overlap integral = 0)
- A is false ✗

Step 2 — Evaluate Reason R:
Zero orbital overlap does result from certain orientations where the orbitals approach each other in

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