Nitration of aniline in strong acidic medium also gives -nitroaniline because

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🧠 The Anilinium Pivot
Aniline usually hates meta-attackers because the  group is a strong ortho/para director. But stick it in a concentrated acid bath, and it transforms!

🗺️ The Acidic Transformation
1. The Protonation: In a nitrating mixture (conc.  conc. ), the highly acidic medium protonates the lone pair of Nitrogen.
    (Anilinium ion)
2. The Shift: While  is activating and -directing, the  group is a strong deactivating and meta-directing group because it has a full positive charge tha

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