The total number of Sigma (σ) and Pi (π) bonds in 2-formylhex-4-enoic acid is

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2-formylhex-4-enoic acid structure:

The IUPAC name tells us:
- Hex-4-enoic acid: 6-carbon chain with double bond at C4–C5 and carboxylic acid at C1
- 2-formyl: aldehyde group (–CHO) at C2

Structure:

Step 1 — Count σ bonds:
- C–C single bonds: C1–C2, C2–C3, C3–C4, C5–C6 = 4
- C=C (σ component): C4–C5 = 1
- C–H bonds: C2(1H) + C3(2H) + C4(1H) + C5(1H) + C6(3H) + CHO(1H) = 9
- C–O bonds in COOH: C=O(σ) + C–OH = 2
- C=O in CHO (σ): 1
- O–H in COOH: 1
- Total σ bonds = 4 + 1 + 9 + 2 + 1 + 1 = 18

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