The reason for greater range of oxidation states in actinoids is attributed to :

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🧠 The Energy Barrier Breakthrough
Oxidation states change when we remove electrons from different subshells. For this to happen easily across a wide range, the difference in energy between these subshells must be very small.

🗺️ The Actinoid Reality
1. The Shells: We are talking about  and .
2. Energy Gaps: In Lanthanoids (), the gap between  and  is relatively large, limiting them mostly to the  state.
3. The Actinoid Difference: In Actinoids, the  shell is much closer in energy to the  and

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