Biomolecules
Browse 101 questions on Biomolecules. Click on any question to view the detailed answer and explanation.
What product is obtained when Glucose is treated with Hydrogen Iodide (HI) for a prolonged period, and what does this reaction prove?.
Glucose reacts with hydroxylamine (NH2OH) to form an oxime. What structural feature of glucose does this reaction confirm?.
When glucose is oxidized by bromine water (a mild oxidizing agent), it forms Gluconic acid. What specific conclusion can be drawn from this?.
Acetylation of glucose with acetic anhydride gives glucose pentaacetate. What does this indicate about the glucose structure?.
On oxidation with nitric acid (a strong oxidizing agent), both glucose and gluconic acid yield Saccharic acid (a dicarboxylic acid). What does this in...
Why does Glucose pentacetate not react with hydroxylamine?.
What are the specific names given to the two cyclic hemiacetal forms of glucose that differ only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group at C1?.
What distinguishes a Reducing Sugar from a Non-Reducing Sugar?.
Fructose belongs to which class of ketohexoses and what is its specific ring structure called?.
Why is Sucrose considered a non-reducing sugar?.
What is 'Invert Sugar'?.
Describe the glycosidic linkage found in Maltose.
What are the hydrolysis products of Lactose and what type of glycosidic linkage connects them?.
Starch is a mixture of two components. What are they and which one is water-soluble?.
What is the key structural difference between Amylose and Amylopectin regarding linkage?.
Why can humans not digest cellulose?.
What is Glycogen often called and where is it primarily stored in the body?.
What does the 'D' in D-glucose signify?.
What is the general formula for carbohydrates, and what is a notable exception that fits the formula but is not a carbohydrate?.
Despite having an aldehyde group, Glucose does not give the Schiff's Test. Why?.
How many carbon atoms are in the pyranose ring of glucose?.
What makes an amino acid 'Essential'?.
Name two amino acids that contain sulphur.
Which is the only optically inactive natural amino acid and why?.
What is a Zwitter Ion?.
What is the 'Isoelectric Point'?.
Chemically, what type of bond is a peptide bond?.
Differentiate between Fibrous and Globular proteins based on solubility.
What constitutes the 'Primary Structure' of a protein?.
What forces stabilize the \alpha-helix secondary structure?.
In a \beta-pleated sheet structure, how are the peptide chains held together?.
What is 'Tertiary Structure'?.
What happens to the Primary Structure of a protein during denaturation?.
Give a common example of protein denaturation involving temperature change.
Is Keratin (found in hair/wool) a fibrous or globular protein?.
Is Insulin a fibrous or globular protein?.
Chemically, what are most enzymes?.
How do enzymes affect the activation energy of a reaction?.
What is meant by the 'lock and key' mechanism of enzyme action?.
Which enzyme converts maltose into glucose?.
Name the vitamins that are water-soluble.
Why must Vitamin C be supplied regularly in the diet?.
Which vitamin deficiency causes Xerophthalmia (hardening of cornea)?.
Deficiency of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) leads to which disease?.
Pernicious anaemia is caused by the deficiency of which vitamin?.
Which vitamin is responsible for the coagulation of blood?.
Vitamin B12 contains a specific metal ion. Which one?.
Rickets in children and Osteomalacia in adults is caused by deficiency of:.
What are the three chemical components of a nucleotide?.
What is the difference between a Nucleoside and a Nucleotide?.
What specific sugar is found in DNA?.
What specific sugar is found in RNA?.
Which nitrogenous base is present in DNA but not in RNA?.
Which nitrogenous base replaces Thymine in RNA?.
What type of linkage connects the nucleotides in a nucleic acid chain?.
In the DNA double helix, how many hydrogen bonds form between Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C)?.
In the DNA double helix, how many hydrogen bonds form between Adenine (A) and Thymine (T)?.
What is the primary function of DNA?.
Name the three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis.
Which reagent is used to detect the presence of reducing sugars in a solution, producing a red precipitate?.
Glucose and Galactose differ in configuration at which carbon atom?.
What is the product of the reaction between an amino acid and nitrous acid (HNO2)?.
What is the 'Quaternary Structure' of a protein?.
What suffix is typically added to the substrate name to name an enzyme?.
What is the richest source of Vitamin C?.
Where is DNA primarily located in the cell?.
Which naturally occurring sugar is the sweetest?.
Which amino acid is formed by the hydrolysis of protein in the stomach?.
Insulin is a hormone. Chemically, what is it?.
What is Mutarotation?.
Which test is used to detect the presence of peptide bonds (proteins)?.
Which test is specific for carbohydrates?.
Molisch's Test: 1. What are the reagents used? 2. What is the positive observation?
Molisch's Test Principle: The violet color is due to the condensation of 1-naphthol with what compound?
Fehling's Test: 1. What indicates a positive result? 2. What is the chemical formula and color of the precipitate formed?
Fehling's vs. Benedict's Reagent: To prevent precipitation of , ions are complexed with which specific ions in each reagen...
Tollen's Test: 1. What is the common name for Tollen's reagent? 2. What is the positive observation?
Barfoed's Test: What is the main purpose of this test?
Barfoed's Reagent: What is the composition of this reagent?
Seliwanoff's Test: 1. What does this test distinguish? 2. What is the positive result for a Ketohexose?
Seliwanoff's Principle: Why do Ketoses react faster than Aldoses in this test?
Iodine Test: 1. What is the positive observation for Starch? 2. What complex is formed?
Hydrolysis Test: Why does Sucrose NOT give a positive Fehling's/Tollen's test directly?
Acrolein Test: 1. What reagent is used? 2. What indicates a positive result?
Solubility Check: Are Fats and Oils soluble in water?
Theory: Chemically, what are fats and oils known as?
Biuret Test: 1. What does this test detect? 2. What is the positive color?
Biuret Reagents: Which two chemical solutions are required for the Biuret test?
Ninhydrin Test: What is the name and color of the compound formed when proteins react with Ninhydrin?
Xanthoproteic Test: 1. What reagent is used? 2. What specific part of the protein does it react with?
Xanthoproteic Observations: Describe the color change when Conc. is added followed by Alkali ( ).
Practical Application: Based on the lab manual, which foodstuff tested positive for both Fats and Proteins?
To which class of nitrogenous bases do Adenine and Guanine belong?.
To which class of nitrogenous bases do Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil belong?.
Cheilosis (fissuring at corners of mouth) is caused by deficiency of:.
What is the monomer unit of Cellulose?.
What is formed when Glucose is treated with Tollen's reagent?.
Which specific bond stabilizes the tertiary structure of proteins by linking two sulfur atoms?.
Are \alpha-D-glucose and \beta-D-glucose enantiomers?.
What functional groups are present in an amino acid?.
At which level of protein structure does the shape of the active site of an enzyme form?.