JEE Main · 2019 · Shift-ImediumEC-023

For the cell Zn(s)|Zn2+(aq)\|Mx+(aq)|M(s), different half cells and their standard electrode potentials are given…

Electrochemistry · Class 12 · JEE Main Previous Year Question

Question

For the cell Zn(s)Zn2+(aq)Mx+(aq)M(s)\mathrm{Zn(s)|Zn^{2+}(aq)\|M^{x+}(aq)|M(s)}, different half cells and their standard electrode potentials are given below:

| Mx+(aq)/M(s)\mathrm{M^{x+}(aq)/M(s)} | Au3+(aq)/Au(s)\mathrm{Au^{3+}(aq)/Au(s)} | Ag+(aq)/Ag(s)\mathrm{Ag^+(aq)/Ag(s)} | Fe3+(aq)/Fe2+(aq)\mathrm{Fe^{3+}(aq)/Fe^{2+}(aq)} | Fe2+(aq)/Fe(s)\mathrm{Fe^{2+}(aq)/Fe(s)} | |---|---|---|---|---| | E°Mx+/ME°_{\mathrm{M^{x+}/M}} (V) | 1.40 | 0.80 | 0.77 | −0.44 |

If E°Zn2+/Zn=0.76 VE°_{\mathrm{Zn^{2+}/Zn}} = -0.76\ \mathrm{V}, which cathode will give a maximum value of E°cellE°_{\text{cell}} per electron transferred?

Options
  1. a

    Ag+/Ag\mathrm{Ag^+/Ag}

  2. b

    Fe3+/Fe2+\mathrm{Fe^{3+}/Fe^{2+}}

  3. c

    Au3+/Au\mathrm{Au^{3+}/Au}

  4. d

    Fe2+/Fe\mathrm{Fe^{2+}/Fe}

Correct Answera

Ag+/Ag\mathrm{Ag^+/Ag}

Detailed Solution

Strategy: The question asks for the maximum value of EcellE^\circ_{\text{cell}} per electron transferred. This is defined as (EcathodeEanode)/n(E^\circ_{\text{cathode}} - E^\circ_{\text{anode}}) / n, where nn is the number of electrons in the reduction half-reaction.

Step 1: Setup calculations for all half-cells Anode is Zinc: Eanode=0.76 VE^\circ_{\text{anode}} = -0.76\text{ V}. Formula: Value=Ecathode(0.76)n\text{Value} = \frac{E^\circ_{\text{cathode}} - (-0.76)}{n}

  1. \ceAu3+/Au\ce{Au^{3+}/Au}: 1.40+0.763=2.163=0.72\frac{1.40 + 0.76}{3} = \frac{2.16}{3} = 0.72
  2. \ceAg+/Ag\ce{Ag^+/Ag}: 0.80+0.761=1.56\frac{0.80 + 0.76}{1} = 1.56 (Maximum)
  3. \ceFe3+/Fe2+\ce{Fe^{3+}/Fe^{2+}}: 0.77+0.761=1.53\frac{0.77 + 0.76}{1} = 1.53
  4. \ceFe2+/Fe\ce{Fe^{2+}/Fe}: 0.44+0.762=0.16\frac{-0.44 + 0.76}{2} = 0.16

Step 2: Conclusion The silver electrode gives the highest potential per electron.

Answer: (a) \ceAg+/Ag\boxed{\text{Answer: (a) } \ce{Ag^+/Ag}}

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