JEE Main · 2023 · Shift-IImediumPB11-060

The Lewis acid character of boron trihalides follows the order:

p-Block Elements (Class 11) · Class 11 · JEE Main Previous Year Question

Question

The Lewis acid character of boron trihalides follows the order:

Options
  1. a

    BCl3>BF3>BBr3>BI3\mathrm{BCl_3 > BF_3 > BBr_3 > BI_3}

  2. b

    BI3>BBr3>BCl3>BF3\mathrm{BI_3 > BBr_3 > BCl_3 > BF_3}

  3. c

    BBr3>BI3>BCl3>BF3\mathrm{BBr_3 > BI_3 > BCl_3 > BF_3}

  4. d

    BF3>BCl3>BBr3>BI3\mathrm{BF_3 > BCl_3 > BBr_3 > BI_3}

Correct Answerb

BI3>BBr3>BCl3>BF3\mathrm{BI_3 > BBr_3 > BCl_3 > BF_3}

Detailed Solution

Strategy: Rank the Lewis acid character of boron trihalides \ceBF3,BCl3,BBr3,BI3\ce{BF3, BCl3, BBr3, BI3}.

Step 1: Lewis Acidity vs Back-Donation Boron in \ceBX3\ce{BX3} is Lewis acidic (electron-deficient). However, the halide lone pairs can back-donate into Boron's empty pp orbital, reducing the Lewis acidity.

Back-donation effectiveness follows size-matching: \ceF\ce{F} back-donates most (best 2p–2p overlap with B), \ceI\ce{I} back-donates least (poor 2p–5p overlap).

Therefore:

  • More back-donation → less Lewis acid character
  • Less back-donation → more Lewis acid character

Step 2: Lewis Acidity Order \ceBI3>BBr3>BCl3>BF3\ce{BI3 > BBr3 > BCl3 > BF3} (\ceBF3\ce{BF3} has the least Lewis acid character despite common misconception, because F back-donates most effectively to fill B's empty orbital.)

Answer: (B) \ceBI3>BBr3>BCl3>BF3\boxed{\text{Answer: (B) }\ce{BI3 > BBr3 > BCl3 > BF3}}

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