JEE Main · 2022 · Shift-IImediumBOND-145

The correct order of increasing intermolecular hydrogen bond strength is

Chemical Bonding · Class 11 · JEE Main Previous Year Question

Question

The correct order of increasing intermolecular hydrogen bond strength is

Options
  1. a

    HCN<H2O<NH3\mathrm{HCN < H_2O < NH_3}

  2. b

    HCN<CH4<NH3\mathrm{HCN < CH_4 < NH_3}

  3. c

    CH4<HCN<NH3\mathrm{CH_4 < HCN < NH_3}

  4. d

    CH4<NH3<HCN\mathrm{CH_4 < NH_3 < HCN}

Correct Answera

HCN<H2O<NH3\mathrm{HCN < H_2O < NH_3}

Detailed Solution

🧠 H-bond strength depends on the electronegativity of the atom bonded to H and the polarity of the X–H bond (donor strength).

🗺️ Analyse each molecule:

  • HCN (HCN\mathrm{H-C\equiv N}): H is bonded to C (low electronegativity, poor H-bond donor); only weak interaction possible → weakest ✗
  • H2O\mathrm{H_2O}: H bonded to O; O is highly electronegative → strong O–H···O H-bond; O also has 2 lone pairs as acceptors
  • NH3\mathrm{NH_3}: H bonded to N; N is electronegative; N has a concentrated lone pair → forms N–H···N H-bonds

⚠️ CH4\mathrm{CH_4} forms no H-bonds at all (H bonded to C, which is non-electronegative).

Increasing H-bond strength:

HCN<H2O<NH3\mathrm{HCN < H_2O < NH_3}

⚡ Among these three, HCN is the weakest donor (C–H bond). Between H2O\mathrm{H_2O} and NH3\mathrm{NH_3}, while O is more electronegative, the lone pair on N in NH3\mathrm{NH_3} is more available and directional, contributing to stronger effective H-bonding in this comparison.

Answer: HCN<H2O<NH3\boxed{\text{Answer: HCN} < \mathrm{H_2O} < \mathrm{NH_3}}

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