JEE Main · 2024 · Shift-IImediumBOND-043

The correct statement(s) about Hydrogen bonding is/are: A. Hydrogen bonding exists when H is covalently bonded to a…

Chemical Bonding · Class 11 · JEE Main Previous Year Question

Question

The correct statement(s) about Hydrogen bonding is/are:

A. Hydrogen bonding exists when H is covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom. B. Intermolecular H bonding is present in o-nitrophenol. C. Intramolecular H bonding is present in HF. D. The magnitude of H bonding depends on the physical state of the compound. E. H-bonding has a powerful effect on the structure and properties of compounds.

Options
  1. a

    A, B, D only

  2. b

    A, D, E only

  3. c

    A only

  4. d

    A, B, C only

Correct Answerb

A, D, E only

Detailed Solution

🧠 Hydrogen bonding requires: (i) H covalently bonded to a small, highly electronegative atom (N, O, F); (ii) the H bond forms with a lone pair on another electronegative atom. Evaluate each statement.

A. H bonded to a highly electronegative atom → Correct (definition of H-bonding condition) ✓

B. "Intermolecular H bonding in o-nitrophenol" → Incorrect. o-Nitrophenol has intramolecular H bonding between the –OH and –NO₂ groups within the same molecule (the ortho position allows this). This is why o-nitrophenol has a lower boiling point than p-nitrophenol.

C. "Intramolecular H bonding in HF" → Incorrect. HF has intermolecular H bonding (forming zigzag chains in liquid/solid HF). Intramolecular H bonding is impossible in the diatomic HF.

D. Magnitude of H bonding depends on physical state → Correct ✓ (e.g. solid > liquid > gas for water/HF)

E. H bonding strongly affects structure and properties → Correct ✓ (boiling point elevation, DNA double helix, protein folding)

Answer: (b) A, D, E only\boxed{\text{Answer: (b) A, D, E only}}

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