JEE Main · 2020 · Shift-ImediumPERI-087

The third ionization enthalpy is minimum for:

Classification of Elements & Periodicity · Class 11 · JEE Main Previous Year Question

Question

The third ionization enthalpy is minimum for:

Options
  1. a

    Co

  2. b

    Fe

  3. c

    Ni

  4. d

    Mn

Correct Answerb

Fe

Detailed Solution

🧠 IE3IE_3 is minimum for Fe because removing the third electron lands you on the stable half-filled 3d53d^5 state IE3IE_3 means going from \ceM2+\ce{M^{2+}} to \ceM3+\ce{M^{3+}}. Whichever transition gives you a particularly stable product configuration will be the easiest — and a half-filled 3d53d^5 has extra stability from exchange energy.

🗺️ Look at \ceM2+\ce{M^{2+}} configurations and what they become as \ceM3+\ce{M^{3+}} Mn (Z=25Z=25): \ceMn2+\ce{Mn^{2+}} is 3d53d^5 (already half-filled, very stable). Removing one electron destroys this stable state — IE3IE_3 is HIGH. Fe (Z=26Z=26): \ceFe2+\ce{Fe^{2+}} is 3d63d^6. Removing one electron gives 3d53d^5 — perfectly half-filled. The product is stable, so IE3IE_3 is LOW. Co (Z=27Z=27): \ceCo2+\ce{Co^{2+}} is 3d73d^7. Going to 3d63d^6 — no special stability gained. Ni (Z=28Z=28): \ceNi2+\ce{Ni^{2+}} is 3d83d^8. Going to 3d73d^7 — no special stability.

So Fe uniquely benefits from landing on 3d53d^5 during the third ionization. Minimum IE3IE_3 is for Fe.

⚠️ The trap Many students pick Mn thinking "Mn²⁺ is 3d53d^5, that's stable, so easy to ionize". This reasoning is exactly backwards. The starting state being stable means it RESISTS losing electrons (high IE3IE_3). What helps is when the FINAL state (\ceM3+\ce{M^{3+}}) is the stable half-filled config. That happens for Fe, not Mn.

Answer: (b)\boxed{\text{Answer: (b)}}

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