JEE Main · 2024mediumCORD-033

The correct statement about [Ni(CO)4] and [Ni(CN)4]2- is:

Coordination Compounds · Class 12 · JEE Main Previous Year Question

Question

The correct statement about [Ni(CO)4][\mathrm{Ni(CO)_4}] and [Ni(CN)4]2[\mathrm{Ni(CN)_4}]^{2-} is:

Options
  1. a

    Both are paramagnetic and square planar

  2. b

    Both are diamagnetic; [Ni(CO)₄] is tetrahedral and [Ni(CN)₄]²⁻ is square planar

  3. c

    Both are diamagnetic and tetrahedral

  4. d

    [Ni(CO)₄] is paramagnetic tetrahedral; [Ni(CN)₄]²⁻ is diamagnetic square planar

Correct Answerb

Both are diamagnetic; [Ni(CO)₄] is tetrahedral and [Ni(CN)₄]²⁻ is square planar

Detailed Solution

🧠 Same Metal, Same d-Count, Different Geometries

Both complexes have Ni\mathrm{Ni} in oxidation state 0 (with CO) or +2 (with CN\mathrm{CN^-}). The crucial trick is that two different ligand environments produce two different geometries for the same metal:

  • [Ni(CO)4][\mathrm{Ni(CO)_4}]: Ni\mathrm{Ni} is d10\mathrm{d^{10}}, CO\mathrm{CO} is a strong-field π\pi-acceptor → sp³ tetrahedral, all electrons paired → diamagnetic.
  • [Ni(CN)4]2[\mathrm{Ni(CN)_4}]^{2-}: Ni2+\mathrm{Ni^{2+}} is d8\mathrm{d^8}, CN\mathrm{CN^-} is strong-field → forces pairing in d-orbitals → dsp² square planardiamagnetic.

Both diamagnetic, but geometries differ — that's option (2).

🗺️ Verify Each

[Ni(CO)4][\mathrm{Ni(CO)_4}]. Ni: [Ar]3d84s2[\mathrm{Ar}]\,3\mathrm{d}^8\,4\mathrm{s}^2. With CO bonding, Ni promotes to d10s0\mathrm{d^{10}}\,\mathrm{s^0} configuration ("zero-valent"). All ten d-electrons paired. Hybridisation sp³. Diamagnetic.

[Ni(CN)4]2[\mathrm{Ni(CN)_4}]^{2-}. Ni2+\mathrm{Ni^{2+}}: d8\mathrm{d^8}. CN\mathrm{CN^-} pairs the d-electrons → vacant 3d orbital → dsp² hybridisation → square planar. Diamagnetic.

The "Strong Field, Specific Geometry" Pair

Memorise these two together:

  • Ni0\mathrm{Ni}^0 + CO\mathrm{CO} → tetrahedral (d10\mathrm{d^{10}}).
  • Ni2+\mathrm{Ni^{2+}} + CN\mathrm{CN^-} → square planar (d8\mathrm{d^8}, low-spin).

JEE asks variants of this every other year.

⚠️ The "Both Tetrahedral" Reflex

Option (3) ("both diamagnetic and tetrahedral") is bait. Students who only learned "Ni → tetrahedral" miss that d8\mathrm{d^8} with strong-field ligands flips to square planar. The d-count and ligand strength together determine geometry — never just metal identity.

Answer: (2) Both diamagnetic; [Ni(CO)4] tetrahedral, [Ni(CN)4]2 square planar\boxed{\text{Answer: (2) Both diamagnetic; } [\mathrm{Ni(CO)_4}] \text{ tetrahedral, } [\mathrm{Ni(CN)_4}]^{2-} \text{ square planar}}

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