JEE Main · 2024mediumCORD-034

The hybridisation and magnetic nature of [Ni(CO)4] and [Ni(CN)4]2- respectively are:

Coordination Compounds · Class 12 · JEE Main Previous Year Question

Question

The hybridisation and magnetic nature of [Ni(CO)4][\mathrm{Ni(CO)_4}] and [Ni(CN)4]2[\mathrm{Ni(CN)_4}]^{2-} respectively are:

Options
  1. a

    sp³, paramagnetic and dsp², diamagnetic

  2. b

    dsp², diamagnetic and sp³, paramagnetic

  3. c

    sp³, diamagnetic and dsp², diamagnetic

  4. d

    dsp², paramagnetic and sp³, diamagnetic

Correct Answerc

sp³, diamagnetic and dsp², diamagnetic

Detailed Solution

🧠 Same Two Complexes, Hybridisation Tag

Restating CORD-033's physics in VBT (valence-bond theory) language:

  • [Ni(CO)4][\mathrm{Ni(CO)_4}]: Ni⁰, d10\mathrm{d^{10}}sp3\mathrm{sp^3} tetrahedral, diamagnetic.
  • [Ni(CN)4]2[\mathrm{Ni(CN)_4}]^{2-}: Ni²⁺, d8\mathrm{d^8} low-spin → dsp2\mathrm{dsp^2} square planar, diamagnetic.

Both diamagnetic, but the hybridisations differ — that's option (3).

🗺️ VBT Walk-Through

[Ni(CO)4][\mathrm{Ni(CO)_4}]. Ground state Ni: 3d84s23\mathrm{d^8}\,4\mathrm{s^2}. CO drives all 10 electrons into 3d as d10\mathrm{d^{10}}, freeing 4s and 4p for sp³ hybridisation. Four CO lone pairs slot in. All paired → diamagnetic.

[Ni(CN)4]2[\mathrm{Ni(CN)_4}]^{2-}. Ni²⁺ has d8\mathrm{d^8}. CN\mathrm{CN^-} (strong field) pairs the unpaired 3d electron, leaving one inner 3d orbital empty. Hybridise: 3d (1) + 4s (1) + 4p (2) = dsp². Geometry: square planar. All electrons paired → diamagnetic.

The "Inner vs Outer" Tag

VBT classifies octahedral and four-coordinate complexes as inner-orbital (uses (n−1)d, e.g. d2sp3\mathrm{d^2sp^3} or dsp2\mathrm{dsp^2}) when ligand is strong-field, and outer-orbital (uses nd, e.g. sp3d2\mathrm{sp^3d^2}) when ligand is weak-field. For Ni²⁺ + CN⁻: inner. For Ni⁰ + CO: 3d is full (d10\mathrm{d^{10}}), so no d-orbital is needed in the hybrid — sp³ alone.

⚠️ The "Always sp³d² for Octahedral / Tetrahedral" Reflex

There's no octahedral Ni complex here. Don't reach for sp³d² when the geometry is tetrahedral or square planar. Match the hybridisation to the coordination number and geometry first, not to a memorised metal-ligand combo.

Answer: (3) sp3, diamagnetic and dsp2, diamagnetic\boxed{\text{Answer: (3) sp}^3\text{, diamagnetic and dsp}^2\text{, diamagnetic}}

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