JEE Main · 2019mediumCORD-218

A reaction of cobalt(III) chloride and ethylenediamine in a 1:2 mole ratio generates two isomeric products A…

Coordination Compounds · Class 12 · JEE Main Previous Year Question

Question

A reaction of cobalt(III) chloride and ethylenediamine in a 1:2 mole ratio generates two isomeric products A (violet-coloured) and B (green-coloured). A can show optical activity, but B is optically inactive. What type of isomers do A and B represent?

Options
  1. a

    Coordination isomers

  2. b

    Linkage isomers

  3. c

    Ionisation isomers

  4. d

    Geometrical isomers

Correct Answerd

Geometrical isomers

Detailed Solution

🧠 Identify the Isomer Type

Co(III) + en (1:2 ratio) → [Co(en)2Cl2]+[\mathrm{Co(en)_2 Cl_2}]^+. Two products with different colours (violet vs green) are the cis and trans geometric isomers.

🗺️ Identify A and B

  • A (violet) = cis-[Co(en)2Cl2]+[\mathrm{Co(en)_2 Cl_2}]^+: chiral (has Δ/Λ enantiomers) → optically active. Violet colour.
  • B (green) = trans-[Co(en)2Cl2]+[\mathrm{Co(en)_2 Cl_2}]^+: has σh\sigma_h mirror plane → optically inactive. Green colour.

The ONLY difference between cis and trans is spatial arrangement of ligands, which is the definition of geometrical isomerism.

🗺️ Other Options Don't Fit

  • Coordination isomerism: requires 2 complexes with cation/anion swap of ligands. Not the case here (single complex).
  • Linkage isomerism: requires ambidentate ligand bonding through different atoms. en is bidentate via N only.
  • Ionisation isomerism: requires swap of inner-sphere counter-ion. No counter-ion swap here.

Cis vs Trans Colour Difference

Cis and trans isomers absorb light at slightly different wavelengths (different ligand field environments) → different observed colours. Classic example: [Co(en)2Cl2]+[\mathrm{Co(en)_2 Cl_2}]^+ — violet (cis) vs green (trans).

⚠️ Geometrical ≠ Optical

Both cis and trans are geometric isomers of each other. The cis form is additionally chiral (separable into Δ/Λ optical isomers), but A and B as a pair are geometrically related.

Answer: (4) Geometrical isomers\boxed{\text{Answer: (4) Geometrical isomers}}

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