Solutions

Give an example of a solid solution where a gas is the solute.

What defines a 'Solid Solution'?.

Ternary solution has __ components

An example of solid in gas solution is __

An example of liquid in solid solution is __

Brass is a __ solution of __

Which concentration unit is preferred for calculations involving vapour pressure and why?.

What is the safe limit of fluoride ions in water to prevent tooth deacy?

What is the concentration of intravenous injections?

A 10% $w/w$ solution of glucose in water contains __ g water.

How much water is present in a 20% $w/v$ solution of NaCl?

What is the $v/v$ concentration of ethylene glycol, an antifreeze, used in automobiles

Why does Molarity change with temperature while Molality does not?.

Why does the Molarity of a solution change when heated, while its Molality remains constant?.

Why do aquatic species feel more comfortable in cold water than in warm water?.

How does the value of Henry's Law constant (K_H) change with temperature, and what does this imply for the solubility of a gas?.

If Gas A has a higher KH value than Gas B at the same temperature, which gas is more soluble?.

Why are soft drink bottles sealed under high pressure?.

How does the presence of a non-volatile solute affect the vapour pressure of a solvent?.

For a solution of two volatile liquids A and B, what is the expression for the total vapour pressure $P_{\text{total}}$?.

Predict the nature of the deviation from Raoult's Law when Chloroform (CHCl₃) and Acetone (CH₃COCH₃) are mixed. Based on this, will the test tube feel...

Under what condition does Raoult's Law become a special case of Henry's Law?.

What are the two thermodynamic conditions for a solution to be Ideal?.

Why does a mixture of Ethanol and Acetone show positive deviation from Raoult's Law?.

Why does a mixture of Chloroform and Acetone show negative deviation from Raoult's Law?.

In a non-ideal solution showing Positive Deviation, is ΔH{mix} positive or negative?.

What type of deviation is required to form a Minimum Boiling Azeotrope?.

Can an azeotropic mixture be separated into its pure components by fractional distillation? Why?.

Give an example of a Maximum Boiling Azeotrope.

Why is osmotic pressure considered the best colligative property for determining molar mass of polymers/proteins?.

What happens to the freezing point of water when ethylene glycol is added to it?.

Write the relationship between Elevation in Boiling Point $\Delta T_b$ and Molality (m).

Does the value of the Cryoscopic Constant (Kf) change if you dissolve sugar instead of salt in the same amount of water?.

Define Osmotic Pressure.

What happens to a red blood cell when placed in a hypertonic solution (e.g., concentrated saline)?.

What is the principle behind Reverse Osmosis used in desalination?.

What is the value of Van't Hoff factor (i) for a solute that does not dissociate or associate?.

If K2SO4 dissociates completely, what is the value of i?.

Why is the molecular mass of ethanoic acid calculated in benzene approx 120 g/mol instead of 60 g/mol?.

Write the expression for Degree of Dissociation (⍺) in terms of i and n.

How does the Van't Hoff factor (i) modify the equation for Osmotic Pressure?.

Why is the boiling point of 1M NaCl solution higher than that of 1M Glucose solution?.

Define Molality (m).

In a graph of Vapour Pressure vs. Mole Fraction, what does a straight line indicate?.

What type of deviation from Raoult's Law corresponds to a Minimum Boiling Azeotrope?.

What is the effect of increasing pressure on the solubility of a solid in a liquid?.

What is the Van't Hoff factor for Al₂(SO₄)₃ assuming 100% ionization?.

If P°A > P°B, which component is more volatile?.

Why is CaCl2 used to clear snow from roads instead of NaCl in very cold conditions?.

What is the sum of mole fractions of all components in a solution?.

What happens to the value of Henry's constant (KH) if temperature is increased?.

Give an example of a nearly Ideal Solution.

What is an Isotonic Solution?.

If the observed molar mass is half of the normal molar mass, what does this indicate?.

In a solution with Negative Deviation, is the boiling point higher or lower than expected?.

Why do IV injections need to be isotonic with blood plasma?.

At boiling point, what is the relationship between vapour pressure and atmospheric pressure?.

How does boiling point depend on external pressure and why?

Calculate the Van't Hoff factor for a solute that undergoes 50% dimerization.

Name a solution where liquid is solute and solid is solvent.

You have two solutions: 0.1 M KCl and 0.1 M sugar. Which solution will have the higher boiling point and why?.

Two solutions have the same osmotic pressure at a given temperature. Does this strictly mean they have the same molar concentration?.

Ethylene glycol is used as antifreeze. If you keep increasing the concentration of ethylene glycol in water indefinitely, will the freezing point keep...

If you transfer a solution from a small beaker to a large swimming pool (maintaining constant temperature), how does the vapor pressure of the solutio...

Why is Osmotic Pressure (π) preferred over other colligative properties for determining the molecular mass of proteins and polymers?.

What is Vapour Pressure and how is it different from the Partial Pressure of a gas?

How does Vapour Pressure change if the volume of the container is suddenly reduced to half or doubled (at constant T)?

What are the primary factors affecting Vapour Pressure?

What is the equation governing the variation of Vapour Pressure with Temperature?

What is the thermodynamic formula for the Molal Elevation Constant ( $K_b$ ) and Molal Depression Constant ( $K_f$ )?

In the Ostwald-Walker dynamic method, dry air is passed sequentially through a solution set and then a pure solvent set. What does the weight loss in ...

Derive the relationship between the Van't Hoff factor ( $i$ ) and degree of association ( $\alpha$ ) when $n$ molecules of solute associate ...

Derive the direct relationship between Osmotic Pressure ( $\pi$ ) and Depression in Freezing Point ( $\Delta T_f$ ) for a dilute solution at tem...

The standard freezing point depression formula $\Delta T_f = K_f \cdot m$ assumes strictly that the solid separating out is pure solvent. What hap...

As ice begins to separate from an aqueous salt solution during cooling, how does the freezing point of the remaining liquid change?

For a binary solution of volatile liquids, if the solute obeys Henry's Law ( $p_B = K_H \chi_B$ ) over a certain range, what law must the solvent o...