Ch. 13 | Practical Organic Chemistry0/12

Chapter 13

Ch. 13 | Practical Organic Chemistry

What is Sublimation? Most substances follow a predictable path when heated: solid → liquid → gas.

12lessons
2simulations
5worked examples
12checks
~54min

Your journey through this chapter

  1. 1

    Sublimation

    1 check
  2. 2

    Crystallisation

    Using hot and cold solubility to pull pure crystals out of an impure mixture

    1 check
  3. 3

    Distillation

    Separating liquids by harnessing the difference in their boiling points

    1 check
  4. 4

    Fractional Distillation

    What to do when two liquids refuse to boil at very different temperatures

    1 sim1 check
  5. 5

    Special Distillation Techniques

    When the compound would decompose before it boils — or is stuck in water

    1 check
  6. 6

    Differential Extraction

    Pulling a compound out of water and into an organic solvent using solubility differences

    1 check
  7. 7

    Chromatography

    How a single technique can separate, identify, and purify compounds — all at once

    1 sim1 check
  8. 8

    Qualitative Analysis of Organic Compounds

    How chemists detect which elements are hiding inside an unknown organic compound

    1 check
  9. 9

    Estimation of Carbon and Hydrogen

    Burning a compound completely and weighing the products to find the % of C and H

    1 example1 check
  10. 10

    Estimation of Nitrogen

    Two methods — Dumas and Kjeldahl — each used in different situations

    2 examples1 check
  11. 11

    Estimation of Halogens and Sulphur

    The Carius method — heating with fuming nitric acid in a sealed tube

    2 examples1 check
  12. 12

    Estimation of Phosphorus and Oxygen

    Completing the picture — the last two elements, and how oxygen is usually found by subtraction

    1 check
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